Sense Relationships

I strongly suggest that you use the teacher resources that Cambridge offers for TKT KAL (https://www.teachers.cambridgeesol.org/ts/teachingresources), the Sense Relationships lesson plan is particularly good. Not only does it include a guided discovery approach to the content, which makes it very “hands-on” but it also provides a TKT KAL sample task on “Sense relationships”

I also found this website http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/metonymy.htm very useful

Here’s  my summary

 

·         Synonyms: words that mean the same or nearly the same

·         Antonyms: words that mean the opposite

·         Hyponyms: words which are specific examples of a type of thing (a general word=superordinate) Hyponyms of the Superordinate “fruits” are bananas, apples, oranges, strawberries.

·         Lexical set: many words are related to other words that cover a wider or smaller range of meaning, e.g “sweater” is included within the lexical set “clothes”. Similarly “sweater” itself includes “polo-neck” sweater.

·         False Friends: words which in translation suggest another meaning. A very common one  for Spanish speakers is sensible and sensitive.

·         Superordinate: words which are the name for a type or category of thing. A word which is more generic than a given word or group of words, e.g. “fruits” is the superordinate of bananas, apples, oranges, strawberries.

·         Metonymy Whole/Part:  one part of the whole is used to refer to the whole.

"The following trivial metonymic [utterance] may serve as an illustration of an idealized cognitive model:

Let's go to bed now.

Going to bed is typically understood metonymically in the sense of 'going to sleep.' This metonymic target forms part of an idealized script in our culture: when I want to sleep, I first go to bed before I lie down and fall asleep. Our knowledge of this sequence of acts is exploited in metonymy: in referring to the initial act we evoke the whole sequence of acts, in particular the central act of sleeping."
(Günter Radden, "The Ubiquity of Metonymy." Cognitive and Discourse Approaches to Metaphor and Metonymy, ed. by José Luis Otal Campo, Ignasi Navarro i Ferrando, and Begoña Bellés Fortuño. Universitat Jaume, 2005)